![]() Investigation is ongoing regarding clear protein restriction criteria and the optimal timing for starting protein restriction ( 4– 6). However, the efficacy of LPs is sometimes disputed. Many previous studies, in both human and veterinary medicine, have reported on the efficacy of low protein diets (LPs) as a diet therapy ( 1– 3). Therefore, when cirrhosis or CKD develops, diet therapy typically restricts protein to prevent hepatic encephalopathy, alleviate uremia, inhibit the progression of renal impairment, and correct metabolic acidosis. However, in certain diseases such as cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), a nitrogen load occurs even with the typical required protein intake, thereby sometimes exacerbating the disease state. Through this process, proteins serve as an energy source, as the building blocks of the body, and a wide variety of other functions including regulating homeostasis as enzymes and hormones, transporting substances in the blood, and enabling gene expression. It is broken down into peptides and amino acids, which are then absorbed into the body. Our experiments thus indicate that examination of potential increases in the UCrn/UN ratio 1 week after introduction of LP feeding to healthy dogs could enable detection of body protein catabolism in long-term feeding of LP before muscle breakdown occurs.ĭietary protein is an important nutrient for organisms. These results suggest that the fasting UCrn/UN ratio could be used as an indicator of protein catabolism in LP feeding. Muscle mass decreased at weeks 10 and 18. At weeks 10 and 18, the fasting UCrn/UN ratio was significantly higher than it was prior to the start of the LP however, post-prandially, the UCrn/UN ratio decreased to the point that the significant difference disappeared. We also measured changes in body composition with computed tomography. In Experiment 2, we continuously fed five healthy beagles an LP for 18 weeks and then measured the UCrn/UN ratio as described above. ![]() Although the effects of this change in amino-acid concentration were unclear, the UCrn/UN ratio was considered having increased due to a deficiency in protein and/or amino acids during LP feeding. Analysis of fasting plasma amino-acid concentrations revealed that the concentration of methionine was significantly lower in the LP than in the other diets ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the SP and HP. We consequently found that the UCrn/UN ratio was significantly elevated in the LP pre-prandially and at all post-prandial measurement points ( P < 0.01). In Experiment 1, we first consecutively fed seven healthy beagles an LP, standard protein (SP), and high protein (HP) diet for 1 week each and then measured the UCrn/UN ratio at 2-h intervals from fasting to 16 h post-prandially. Therefore, we focused on urinary creatinine, a metabolite of protein in the urine, and examined whether its ratio to urinary urea nitrogen (UCrn/UN) can be used to assess protein catabolism. This adverse effect, however, remains largely unrecognized in veterinary medicine as there are no easily applicable catabolism indicators. These diets have long been feared to result in reduced muscle mass due to protein catabolism. Low protein diets (LPs) constitute a reportedly effective form of nutritional therapy for canine chronic kidney disease and cirrhosis. 2Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.1Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.Shushi Yamamoto 1 Yoshiyuki Ohta 2 Etsuko Hasegawa 2,3 Shiori Hashida 1 Yasuyuki Kaneko 1 Shinya Mizutani 1 Benedict Huai Ern Ong 1 Kiyokazu Naganobu 1 Shidow Torisu 1 *
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